When it comes to "Stonehenge", everyone is familiar with it, and there are many related studies. Earlier in 2021, the publication of the findings of the Stonehenge project by Mike Parker Pearson and colleagues at UCL caused a media sensation. To determine the origin of Stonehenge bluestone (the smaller stone, not the larger one), the scientific team led by Pearson has been researching for a long time. Using geochemistry to analyse the elemental composition of the stone pillars, Pearson's team confirmed that the bluestone came from the Karn Godog and Craig Rose Evelyn quarries in West Wales, Presley Hills.

　　Previous research suggests that at least some of the bluestone must have come from quarries in and around Cammenin in the Preseli Mountains. But rumor has it that the stones were first erected locally before being transported to their final destination on the Salisbury Plain, 282km away. This statement seems to be derived from Geoffrey's History of the Kings of Britain (c. 1136 AD). He claims they originally erected a monument in Ireland called the Dance of the Giants. Although none of the stones came from Ireland, in Geoffrey's time west Wales was considered Irish territory. Will there be ancient remnants of memory in this story?

　　Petrology corroborates the fact that the bluestones came from the Preseli area, where many prehistoric megaliths indicate that it was a revered landscape during the Neolithic, supporting the possibility that these stones were originally used as megalithic monuments. Many modern researchers have pondered this question. In the past decade, Pearson et al have discovered quarries in Preseli.

　　While searching for a possible Preseli original site for bluestone of a similar age, they eventually found a site about 6.5 kilometers northwest of the Cammenin Ridge. Careful excavation uncovered 6 stone caves (one of which may have housed 62 bluestones from Stonehenge), these holes and surviving stones allowed researchers to calculate the original monument was 110 meters in diameter, with the circular ditch surrounding Stonehenge. same diameter.

A standing stone in Vaughan Mourne in the Preseli Mountains, South West Wales

　　Further research also suggests that ancient builders may have built a temporary structure at Karn Godog before the columns were brought to Salisbury Plain. Therefore, the researchers believe that these bluestones may have been "marks of ancestral identity" that were eventually migrated to what we call Stonehenge. As for why it's there, for what reason? Then it is unknown.

　　This groundbreaking discovery proves that people have been quarrying stone since 6000 BC, and that bluestone was mined to build stone fences. Bluestones, known for their beautiful shades of blue, were known in ancient times not only for their color, but also because of their abundance in quarries like Karn Godog and Craig Rose Evelyn popular.

　　Pearson's team also found that ancient builders used softer mudstone or sandstone wedges (found at excavation sites) as tools to avoid damaging the natural stone pillars. These tools play an important role in transporting the boulders to their final destination.

　　As for whether it is possible to transport stones from the quarry to hundreds of kilometers away, there is evidence that 10 people can easily move the pillars at more than 1.6 kilometers an hour by pulling the pillars in the right location.

　　This plausible explanation may finally be the theory needed to solve the centuries-old mystery of Stonehenge's existence.

 　　Malaysia Airlines 370 has been missing for 8 years. Where did this 60-meter-long plane go? Just when people were about to lose their confidence, there was suddenly a big news that detonated the world: Malaysia Airlines 370 has been found, and the wreckage of the plane is located on the seabed 1933 kilometers west of Perth, Australia, where the water depth is about 4 kilometers.

　　As soon as the news came out, the whole world was in an uproar. You must know that since the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 on March 8, 2014, more than 20 countries have participated in the search and rescue operation, including the United States and China, costing more than 200 million US dollars, and the search and rescue work has continued. For several years, the search area has exceeded 120,000 square kilometers, but it has never been found.

　　It is said that the artificial satellite technology is very powerful, it can be positioned and tracked, and the highest resolution on the ground can reach 0.41 meters. Even people can see clearly, why can't a behemoth be found?

　　Malaysia Airlines 370 seems to have disappeared out of thin air. In this era of advanced technology, it has become the biggest aviation mystery in the world.

Are you sure the crash site of Malaysia Airlines 370?

　　Now there is finally a breakthrough. On November 30, 2021, British aerospace engineer Richard Godfrey published a report saying: After using the latest aviation tracking technology, the crash site of Malaysia Airlines 370 was determined.

It is located below the fault ridge of the Ocean Plateau in the southeastern Indian Ocean. The terrain is complex and rugged, with cliffs and canyons, as well as underground volcanoes.

　　Godfrey pointed out in the report that the wreckage of the plane is located on the seabed 1,933 kilometers west of Perth, Australia, with precise coordinates of 33.177° south latitude and 95.300° east longitude, where the water depth is about 4 kilometers. It is located below the fault ridge of the Ocean Plateau in the southeastern Indian Ocean. The terrain is complex and rugged, with cliffs and canyons, as well as underground volcanoes.

　　Chad Godfrey said he is very confident in the new aerial tracking technology, which draws on a wealth of satellite data, as well as Boeing aircraft performance data, oceanographic and drift analysis data, all pointing to the same Location: 1,933 km west of Perth, Australia. Aviation expert Jeffrey Thomas also said: Very credible.

　　In fact, in 2018, the search and rescue ship of Infinity Ocean Corporation of the United States also came to this location. It is a pity that in the end, it "passed" the location with a distance of 28 kilometers. Perhaps it was completely blocked by cliffs and canyons. The plane's black box signal was detected so that the ship passed by without seeing it.

　　From 2014 to the present, there have been a lot of news about the Malaysia Airlines 370, such as finding a number of parts and fragments of the Malaysia Airlines 370, but they all ended in failure. So is this news that detonated the world true? Is it really possible to find the missing Malaysia Airlines 370 at this location? Still a big question mark.

Multiple large-scale aerial and undersea search operations have also failed to find the wreckage of the plane, nor to confirm the cause of the crash, making Malaysia Airlines MH370 one of the biggest mysteries in aviation history.

　　If you want to know whether the wreckage of Malaysia Airlines 370 is really in this location, the most effective way is to directly send a submersible to search on the spot, hoping not to be disappointed again. Today, human's deep diving technology is very advanced. Submersibles have already been to the seabed of 11,000 meters, so there is almost no difficulty in the seabed of 4000 meters.

Two Doubts about Malaysia Airlines 370

　　Doubt 1, the plane turned around several times, which was like drawing a map in the sky. After taking off from Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia, it initially flew to the northeast, which was the previously scheduled flight route.

　　However, after entering the junction between Malaysia and Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh control area, the plane suddenly reversed direction and flew southwest. It seemed that it intended to return to Kuala Lumpur, but it quickly reversed direction and flew northwest. Soon after, it reversed direction again and flew southwest again. How long, suddenly flying to the southeast, the flight path is really strange.

　　Doubt 2: There were 89 kilograms of mysterious cargo and more than 4 tons of mangosteen on the plane. The 89 kilograms of mysterious cargo was discovered after the plane took off, when the crew carefully counted the cargo. Inexplicably, a box was added to the cargo list, because the box was sealed. status, the crew did not turn it on.

　　89 kilograms is about the weight of a person, so some people speculate that the sealed box may contain a thug who kidnapped the plane, and some people speculate that it may contain a time bomb.

　　The 4 tons of mangosteen has also aroused suspicion, because the ripening season of mangosteen is in August, September and October. Where can so many mangosteen come from in March? Malaysia's Kuala Lumpur International Airport is regarded by the outside world as a global illegal wildlife trade hub, so some people believe that the mangosteen may hide rhino horn, ivory and other items used for illegal trade.

Four speculations about Malaysia Airlines 370

　　1. Hijacked by thugs, the thugs may be hiding in the mysterious cargo of 89 kilograms. After the plane took off, the thugs hijacked the plane. The thugs may have a better understanding of the aircraft's performance, turned off radar tracking, and deliberately left false clues to confuse their sight.

　　2. Shot down by American laser weapons. British investigative reporter Florence Florence said: Before the crash of Malaysia Airlines 370, two American planes approached Malaysia Airlines 370, probably because there were illegal cargo on Malaysia Airlines 370, but Malaysia Airlines 370 ignored these and was shot down by a laser weapon.

　　3. Destroyed by bombs. Some people speculate that the 89 kilograms of mysterious cargo may be a time bomb, and a time bomb can also be hidden in the mangosteen fruit of more than 4 tons. The bomb exploded shortly after take-off, and the plane lost the radar signal, but it could barely support the flight. .

　　4. Aircraft failure. It was also speculated that a major malfunction occurred shortly after takeoff. The radar signal was first lost, and the plane attempted to return to Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia; however, the crew soon discovered that the plane was completely out of control and finally disintegrated in mid-air.

　　Time cannot be turned back, and we cannot go back to 2014 to prevent this tragedy from happening. Therefore, the most important thing now is to search for Malaysia Airlines 370 according to the breakthrough progress, and hope that the wreckage can be found for the missing Malaysia Airlines 370 for 8 years. A full stop and don't let anyone down again.

 The development of artificial intelligence is booming. With the continuous extension of its application fields, other disciplines are also gaining unexpected gains from the combination of artificial intelligence, and new materials is one of them.

At present, there have been cases of artificial intelligence assisting the research and development of new materials reported abroad. Researchers at the University of Liverpool in the UK have developed a robot that engineered chemical reactions on its own in eight days, completing 688 experiments and finding a highly efficient catalyst to improve the photocatalytic properties of polymers, an experiment that would have taken months to complete manually. Recently, a professor at Osaka University in Japan used 1,200 kinds of photovoltaic cell materials as a training database to study the relationship between polymer material structure and photoelectroinduction through machine learning algorithm. He successfully selected compounds with potential application value in one minute, while traditional methods take five to six years.

Such a successful application opens up endless possibilities for exploring new materials and technological advances. Throughout human history, every scientific and technological revolution is closely related to the development of materials. Before the Industrial Revolution, the development of stone, bronze and iron tools gradually separated handicraft from hunting and farming. After the first Industrial Revolution, steel and composite materials gradually took over People's Daily life. After the third industrial Revolution, semiconductor, high crystal silicon and polymer materials have developed rapidly and become new materials in great demand. Since the 21st century, with the further improvement of high-end manufacturing industry, new materials have been deeply integrated with emerging industries such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technology on the development path of functionalization, intelligence and integration, and become an important means of scientific and technological progress.

The development of new materials is a process of mutual integration of basic research and applied basic research, which often needs to undergo chemical property improvement and physical processing improvement, which is not easy. Take the emerging smart fiber as an example in recent years. This new material can change in volume or form with external environmental stimulation, and can be used to build wearable smart devices. When it is developed, it is necessary to understand its stimulus response mechanism and establish a suitable physical model to explain it. Secondly, appropriate materials should be selected as the research object, the function and properties of its functional units should be improved by chemical means, the stimulus response conditions should be explored through repeated experiments, and the performance of structural units should be improved. Finally, production and processing, after spinning, dyeing and finishing, weaving and other different processing processes, continuous process optimization and technical improvement. Thus, new material research and development is a typical trial and error research and development, experience cycle is often long.

In order to shorten the development cycle, AI can serve as a powerful auxiliary tool to predict and screen the physical and chemical properties of advanced materials through data sharing, thus speeding up the synthesis and production of new materials. In the past, material design was based on theoretical calculations to establish the relationship between structure and properties. But because there are so many different ways atoms can combine, designing a new molecular structure is like a game of building blocks, in which the properties of the molecules are unpredictable. As a branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithm is particularly "effective" in assisting the design of new materials, and its working process mainly includes "descriptor" generation, model construction and verification, material prediction, and experimental verification. The so-called "descriptor" is to describe some special properties of materials according to existing data, and then build a training model in the form of nonlinear, so as to predict the properties of new materials. This process no longer depends on physical knowledge.

Artificial intelligence still faces some challenges in creating more sparks with new materials. For example, it is difficult for AI algorithm to accurately predict crystal structure, and the reliability of training data still needs the development of theoretical methods. In order to give full play to the multiplier effect of interdisciplinary integration, in addition to the continuous improvement of algorithms, the development of theoretical computational chemistry and the research and development of material characterization methods should go hand in hand. In the future, we believe that through the efforts of scientists from all sides, innovative achievements of new materials will continue to emerge.

 In a new study, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a technique to tag and retrieve DNA data files, which could make DNA data storage possible.

At this point, there are about 10 trillion gigabytes (gigabytes) of data on the planet, and every day, humans churn out another 2.5 million gigabytes of data in emails, photos, social media feeds and other digital files. Much of this data is stored in huge facilities called exabyte data centers (1EB is 1 billion gigabytes), which can be the size of several football fields and cost about $1 billion to build and maintain.

Many scientists believe another solution to the massive data storage problem lies in the biological macromolecule that contains our genetic information: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Since the beginning of life on Earth, DNA has evolved to store huge amounts of information at extremely high densities. Mark Barth, a professor of bioengineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says a coffee cup filled with DNA could theoretically store all the world's data.

"We need new solutions to store the vast amount of data the world is accumulating, especially archival data," he says. "DNA is even 1,000 times denser than flash memory. Another interesting property is that once the DNA polymer is made, it doesn't consume any more energy. You can write data into DNA and store it forever."

Scientists have shown that images and text can be encoded into DNA, but we still need a simple way to pick out the required files from the many mixtures of DNA fragments. In the new study, Mark Barth and colleagues demonstrated a way to encapsulate each data file in a six-micron silicon dioxide spherical "capsule," using short sequences of DNA as tags to display the file's contents.

Using this method, the researchers accurately extracted individual images stored as DNA sequences from DNA files containing 20 images. This method can be scaled up to 1020 files, taking into account the number of tags available.

Stable storage medium

Digital storage systems encode text, photos and other types of information as A series of zeros and ones, and the same information can be encoded in DNA using the four nucleotides (A, T, G and C, adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine) that make up the genetic code. For example, G and C can stand for 0, while A and T stand for 1.

DNA has several other characteristics as a storage medium. For one thing, it is very stable, and relatively easy to synthesize and sequence (though currently expensive). Second, it has a very high storage density -- one nucleotide is equivalent to two bits, about one cubic nanometer. As a result, data stored in THE form of DNA could easily fit in the palm of our hand.

This new way of storing data faces a number of obstacles, starting with the cost of synthesizing such a large amount of DNA. Currently, it costs $1 trillion to write one petabyte (1 million GIGABytes) of data. To compete with magnetic tape, which is commonly used to store archival data, Barth estimates that the cost of DNA synthesis needs to fall by about six orders of magnitude. He noted that this goal could be achieved within a decade or two, just as the cost of storing information on flash memory has fallen dramatically over the past few decades.

In addition to the cost, another major bottleneck to using DNA to store data is the difficulty of sorting through all the files we want.

"What would happen if the technology for writing DNA were so advanced that it was cost-effective to write one exabyte or one zettabyte (ZB) into DNA? You'd have a whole bunch of DNA, which is tons of documents or images or movies and stuff, but you'd need to find a particular image or movie in it, "Barth said." It's like looking for a needle in a haystack."

Currently, DNA files are usually retrieved using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Each DNA data file contains a sequence bound to a specific PCR primer. To read a particular file, the primer needs to be added to the sample to find and amplify the desired sequence. However, a disadvantage of this approach is that there may be crosstalk between the primer and DNA sequences other than the target sequence, resulting in unnecessary file output. In addition, the PCR retrieval process uses enzymes that eventually consume most of the DNA in the library.

"It's a bit like looking for a needle in a haystack, because all the other DNA isn't amplified, so basically it's thrown away." Barth said.

Solve DNA file retrieval problem

The MIT team has developed a new retrieval technique that it hopes will replace the PCR method. They encapsulated each DNA file in a tiny silica capsule, each labeled with a "bar code" of single strands of DNA that corresponded to the file's contents. To demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of this approach, the researchers encoded 20 different images into DNA fragments about 3,000 nucleotides long, which is roughly equivalent to 100 bytes (their study also showed that the capsules could hold up to 1 GB of DNA files).

Each file in the study was labeled with a barcode, such as "cat" or "plane." When researchers want to extract a specific image, they take a DNA sample and add primers corresponding to the target tag. For example, images of tigers correspond to labels like "cat," "orange," and "wild," while images of domestic cats correspond to "cat," "Orange," and "domestic."

These primers are labeled with fluorescent or magnetic particles to facilitate extraction and identification of matching fragments from samples. In this way, the researchers can remove the required files and put the rest of the DNA back in place, storing the data. Their search process allows Boolean logic statements such as "presidents and the 18th century" to produce results for "George Washington," much like Google's image search.

"At the current proof-of-concept stage, our search speed is 1, 000 bytes (1KB) per second," said James Baner of MIT, another lead author of the paper. The speed of our filesystem searches is determined by the amount of data per capsule, which is currently limited by the high cost of writing 100 megabytes (megabytes) of data onto DNA and the number of classifiers that can be used in parallel. If DNA synthesis becomes cheap enough, we can use this method to maximize the amount of data stored per file."

The barcodes the researchers used - single-stranded DNA sequences - were taken from a library of 100,000 sequences developed by Stephen Elledge, a professor of genetics and medicine at Harvard Medical School. If you attach 2 of these tags to each file, you can uniquely mark 1 010 different files; If there are four labels on each file, 1 020 files can be uniquely tagged.

George Church, a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School who was not involved in the research, described the technology as a "giant leap forward in knowledge management and search technology."

"Rapid advances in writing, copying, reading and using DNA for low-energy archival data storage have made it extremely difficult to accurately retrieve data files from huge databases (1021-byte, zeta scale)," "What's striking about this new study is that it addresses this problem using a completely separate outer layer of DNA, extending the different properties of DNA (hybridization rather than sequencing), and using existing instruments and chemicals," Church said.

Barth envisions this DNA encapsulation technology being used to store "cold" data, that is, data kept in archives but not often accessed. Currently, his lab has founded a startup called Cache DNA, which is developing long-term DNA storage technology for both long-term DNA data storage and short-term clinical and other existing DNA samples storage.

"While it may be some time before we can use DNA as a data storage medium, there is a pressing need for low-cost and large-scale storage solutions for DNA and RNA samples in COVID-19 testing, human genome sequencing, and other areas of genomics." "Said Bath.

 Why does Mercury have a large iron core? Now, new research from the University of Maryland suggests that proximity to the sun's magnetic field determines the planet's interior, which may shed light on the mystery of Mercury's iron core.

The study contradicts the common assumption that Mercury has a large core, with a size relative to its mantle (the layer between the planet's core and crust). For decades, scientists have assumed that a "hit-and-run" collision between Mercury and other celestial bodies during the formation of the solar system blew away much of mercury's rocky mantle, leaving behind a huge, dense metal core inside, but new research suggests the sun's magnetic field was not the culprit.

New research suggests that after the formation of the inner planets, the sun's magnetic field gradually drew iron to the center of the solar system, which explains why Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has a larger, denser iron core than the outer layers of other rocky planets like Earth and Mars.

William MacDonald, a geology professor at the University of Maryland, and Takashi Yoshizaki of Tohoku University, Japan, built a model showing how the density, mass and iron content of a rocky planet's core are affected by its distance from the sun's magnetic field.

McDonald said: "4 of the solar system's innermost planet, mercury, Venus, earth and Mars, is composed of different ratio of metal and rock, along with more and more distant from the planet from the sun, the metal content of the core will decline, this is a change of gradient, by showing the early solar system formation phase distribution of the raw materials are controlled by the sun's magnetic field, Our paper explains how this process happens."

McDonald developed a model of the composition of the Earth, which is commonly used by planetary scientists to determine the composition of exoplanets. His latest model shows that during the early formation of the solar system, the young sun was surrounded by swirling clouds of dust and gas, and iron particles were drawn to the central region of the solar system by the sun's magnetic field. When solar planets are born from swirling clouds of dust and gas, the cores of planets closer to the Sun absorb more iron than those farther away.

Researchers have found that the density and ratio of iron in a rocky planet's core is related to the strength of the magnetic field around the Sun during the planet's formation, and their latest study suggests that magnetic fields should be taken into account in future attempts to describe the composition of rocky planets, including extrasolar planets.

The composition of a planet's core is important for the possibility of supporting life, for example: Earth's molten iron creates a magnetosphere that protects the planet from cancer-causing cosmic rays. The core contains most of The planet's phosphorus, an important nutrient that supports carbon-based life.

Using existing models of planet formation, McDonald determined the rate at which gas and dust were sucked into the center of the solar system during its formation, taking into account the magnetic field created when the Sun formed and figuring out how the magnetic field pulled iron through the dust and gas clouds.

When the early solar system began to cool, dust and gas that hadn't been sucked into the center of the solar system began to clard together. Dust gas closer to the sun was exposed to a stronger magnetic field, and thus contained more iron than dust gas farther away. As the dust and gas coalesced and cooled to form spinning planets, gravity pulled iron into their cores.

When MacDonald incorporated the model into planetary formation calculations, it revealed gradients in metal content and density that matched exactly what scientists knew about planets in our solar system. Mercury's metallic core makes up about three-quarters of its mass, the cores of Earth and Venus are only about a third of their mass, and the core of Mars is only about a quarter of its mass.

The new understanding of the role of magnetism in planet formation spells trouble for exoplanet exploration, since scientists have no way to observe the magnetism of stars from earth. Scientists infer the composition of an exoplanet from the spectrum of solar radiation. Different elements in a star emit radiation at different wavelengths, so by measuring those wavelengths, we can tell what the star and its surrounding planets are made of.

"A star is made in this way, so the planets around it must be made in this way," McDonald said. "Each planet in the solar system contains iron to varying degrees, based on the early magnetism of the sun."

The next step in the work is for scientists to find another planetary system similar to our solar system -- one made of rocky planets farther from the star. If the density of these exoplanets drops as they radiate outward from the Sun, as our solar system does, then researchers can confirm the new theory and infer that stellar magnetic fields influence planet formation.

Animals that hibernate naturally enter a phase of decline in core body temperature and metabolic rate during hibernation, a state known as torpor.

Since ancient times, human beings have never stopped thinking and exploring the universe. "The earth is the cradle of mankind, but mankind cannot live in the cradle forever," said Tziolkovsky, the founder of modern spaceflight and known as the father of spaceflight. In the 1960s and 1970s, though, man had already set foot on the moon. But until now, we were confined to cislunar space. That's because it would take 500 days to get to Mars, our nearest habitable planet, and back. The nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is 4.22 light-years away. In addition to the long distance, a series of physical and psychological problems faced by astronauts in long-term space flights and the extremely limited resources on the spacecraft are also obstacles to our journey to deep space.

In science fiction and movies, astronauts often go into a "sleep state" to complete long distance flights. This is not a wild fantasy. As early as the 1960s, some scientists proposed the idea of "dormancy" by suppressing metabolism. In the 21st century, NASA and ESA have put forward the idea of inducing human "dormancy" and started to design and research. The first thing we need to understand about this cutting-edge technology is that "dormancy" is not freezing, but a variety of techniques to lower an astronaut's core body temperature and "blunt" his metabolism. "Dormancy" can reduce the consumption of supplies, reduce the need for astronauts to move space. These changes can allocate more space and resources to the power system in the design of spacecraft. More importantly, "hibernation" can not only reduce the physical impact of space environment on astronauts, but also eliminate stress and loneliness during the mission, reducing the threat to astronauts' mental health. The ESA therefore considers "controlled hibernation a game-changing technology for manned space flight." In the foreseeable future, low-temperature, low-metabolic human "dormancy" will be one of the key technologies for deep-space exploration missions such as landing on Mars.

Non-hibernating animals cannot enter hibernation spontaneously

Animals that hibernate naturally enter a phase of decline in core body temperature and metabolic rate during hibernation, a state known as torpor. Torpor is triggered by many factors, including environmental factors (e.g. cold, food shortage, circadian rhythm, etc.) and internal factors (hunger, sleep, etc.). During Torpor, animal body temperature can be as low as 3-5 ℃, basal metabolic rate can be as low as 1%-5%, and their behavior is inhibited, presenting a state of suspended animation. But this period did not last forever, interrupted by periodic wakeups of "Arousal" (2 to 30 days, with species differences). Metabolic levels and core body temperature rise rapidly after awakening, ensuring that some key physiological functions are not impaired. The cyclic torpol-arousal cycle formed the complete hibernation process. Because non-hibernating animals lack relevant biological mechanisms, they do not have the ability to spontaneously generate periodic state changes of Toror-arousal, so they need to be induced by some physical or pharmacological methods to enter a state of hypothermia and low metabolism.

The central nervous system is the core of modulation of Toror-arousal

Some anatomical and functional connections within the central nervous system play a key role in controlling the torpol-arousal transformation. Both dormancy and arousal are dependent on the regulation of specific neurons and neural circuits in the central nervous system. In June last year, Nature published two blockbuster articles on rodent induced Torpor. Similar new findings were reported December 11 in Nature Communications. Three studies have proposed and confirmed that specific neurons in the hypothalamus play an important role in dormancy induction in non-hibernating animals. These advances further suggest that the key to future human "dormancy" may be found in the hypothalamus and its associated circuitry.

A controlled and safe dormancy - wake transition is essential for dormancy in non-hibernating animals

So far, there has been some progress in the study of "dormancy" in non-hibernating animals. But when it comes to human dormancy, safety and control are the first issues the technology needs to address. During the transition from dormancy to awakening, there was no obvious organ and tissue damage in hibernating animals with the large fluctuation of core body temperature and metabolic rate. For non-hibernating animals, the absence of corresponding protective mechanisms is likely to cause significant cellular stress and functional damage. Especially for the largest energy consuming organ of the human body -- the brain, a long time of low temperature and low metabolism, the structure and function of the central nervous system will surely cause a profound impact. After a long period of dormancy, the neural connections and functions of hibernating animals can be restored to their pre-dormancy state. Therefore, revealing the neurobiological mechanism of natural hibernation is helpful to solve the key technical problem of human "dormancy".

The "dormant" future of humanity

The "sleep" of human beings cannot blindly pursue "time standing still". Depending on the type of task, the optimal balance between resource consumption and hibernation degree and mode can be found. Although the central nervous system plays an important role in regulating "dormancy", "dormancy" is an overall response of the body to environmental changes, involving almost all organs and tissues. Studies on "dormancy" of other tissues and organs need to be carried out at the same time. To sum up, human "dormancy" is a complex and multi-domain systematic engineering, which requires the integration of technologies from various disciplines including biology, medicine, materials and chemistry to realize this idea. It is worth mentioning that with the development of China's space station and extraterrestrial base construction, the main battlefield of "dormancy" research can be transferred to the space laboratory. This will be more conducive to the adjustment of astronaut selection and training ideas, and the early realization of safe and controllable human "dormancy" and the application of manned deep space exploration. In addition, the world's major space powers have launched plans to land on the moon or Mars, which will also accelerate the research on human hibernation.

 　　 Donald is very rich, but he hides it. He never drives a luxury car, never wears famous watches and accessories, and only lives in a humble villa on the outskirts of the city. Neighbors could not see that his net worth reached 1 billion euros.

　　 In recent years, Donald has become more interested in politics, and his future goal is to run for federal parliament. His wife Lucia was not low-key. She liked fancy clothes and expensive accessories. Donald was worried that she would provoke trouble, but he couldn't control her.

　　 Lucia's high profile eventually led to disaster. On this day, Lucia was kidnapped by three kidnappers on her way home from the beauty salon and taken to an abandoned warehouse in the suburbs. Immediately, Donald received a call from the kidnapper: "Your wife is in our hands, don't call the police, take 500,000 euros in cash, and we'll let them go."

　　 At first, Donald was panicked, but when he heard "500,000 euros" , breathed a sigh of relief. He judged from this number that the kidnappers did not understand their own economic strength.

　　 Thinking of this, Donald calmed down, he smiled at the telephone receiver, and said, "There are too many scams now, and you still use this old-fashioned way to deceive me. It's too naive!" On

　　 the other end of the phone, the kidnapper leader was blinded : "Who lied to you? Your wife is really in our hands! If you don't believe me, try calling her mobile phone!"

　　 "I don't need to call her mobile phone. Since you want to lie to me, it means you are ready. Her mobile phone is definitely now. Can't get through," Donald said, hanging up the phone.

　　 The situation was completely beyond the kidnappers' expectations. The three guys studied it and called Donald's phone again: "If you don't believe your wife is in our hands, we let her talk to you directly." Before the

　　 kidnapper put the phone to Lucia's mouth, Donald said: " You can find a piece of software to imitate my wife's voice, it's too stupid, I advise you to lie to someone else!" After speaking, Donald hung up the phone again. The kidnappers beat him again, and Donald actually blocked him.

　　 The kidnapper's leader became angry and slapped Lucia back. At this time, the tied Lucia shook her body vigorously and kicked the kidnapper's leader with her feet. She wanted to say something, but there was something in her mouth, so she could only make a "woohoo" sound. The leader of the kidnapper pulled out what was stuck in Lucia's mouth and asked impatiently, "What else do you want to say?"

　　 "I want to say, you stupid thieves chose the wrong kidnapping target!" Lucia roared.

　　 The kidnapper's leader asked in confusion: "The target is wrong? How do you say that?"

　　 "For these rich middle-aged men, they want their wives to die soon so that they can get a younger one. Donald just wants you to kill them now. Me, he definitely won't pay a penny," Lucia said.

　　 "Then what should we do now?" The kidnapper leader was dumbfounded. Lucia's words sounded reasonable, and they even asked Lucia about countermeasures.

　　 Lucia said: "In this way, I will make a deal with you. Didn't you get the diamond ring in my hand? Let me go, the diamond ring is yours, worth 400,000 euros." The

　　 kidnapper looked suspiciously Lucia: "We let you go, what if you call the police?"

　　 "Don't worry, I will never call the police, I will provide you with a new target."

　　 "New target?"

　　 Lucia said with a sneer: "Yes, Sunderland There lives a young woman named Lanna at 53rd Street. She is my husband's lover. My husband will never be as indifferent to her as he is to me today. I have a picture of her on my phone, and I have a private detective take it. Here's the video of her rendezvous with my husband, you can watch it."

　　 After watching the video, the kidnapper felt that Lucia was not lying. Lucia suggested: "The ransom should not be less than 5 million euros. My husband's net worth is 1 billion euros. 5 million is nothing to him." Lucia saw that the kidnappers were still a little suspicious, and gave them a reassurance: "Don't worry, Lanna's information was provided by me, we are accomplices now, how could I report you?"

　　 This sentence played a key role, and the three of them loosened Lucia and walked away with a diamond ring.

　　 Lucia returned home as if nothing had happened. Donald was startled and asked calmly, "Why did you come home so late today? Who did you meet on the way?"

　　 Lucia smiled lightly: "It took a little longer to do beauty treatments today." Back in the bedroom, I took out the authentic wedding diamond ring from the bedside table—the diamond ring given to the gangster was a replica.

　　 Unsurprisingly, three days later, Donald received another call from the kidnappers.

　　 Hearing that Lanna was kidnapped, Donald was really anxious and asked about Lanna's situation carefully.

　　 But after the leader of the kidnappers asked for a ransom of 5 million euros, Donald was furious: "Are you crazy? Delusional! To tell you the truth, I have just called the police, and you will be caught soon. Hahaha!" After teasing, in a fit of rage, he inserted a dagger into Lanna's abdomen...

　　 In the evening five days later, Donald and Lucia had dinner and sat watching TV together. A homicide was reported in a news program. The host said: "The body of the famous model Lanna was found in an unfinished building in the suburbs. The police determined that it was homicide. The suspect is being pursued by the police!"

　　 Hearing the news, Donald breathed a sigh of relief. This woman, Lanna, although she is beautiful enough, has too many demands. Recently, she has to be named.

　　 Lanna threatened that if Donald didn't get a divorce, she would go public about their relationship online. But Donald can't get a divorce, because Lucia understands the whole process of his making a fortune. He relies on customs contacts to smuggle money. Once exposed, it is a felony, and Donald never dares to touch Lucia's bottom line. If things got to that point, Donald's political future would be completely ruined.

　　 So Donald deliberately angered the kidnappers, hoping that the kidnappers would tear up the ticket. Thanks to the kidnappers, he helped him solve his big troubles!

　　 Lucia watched the TV with an imperceptible sneer on her lips. Lucia has long known about Donald's relationship with Lanna's lover, but she has been silent, she is looking for the best time. When she was kidnapped, Lucia knew the time had finally come. Now, everything is as she wished, and her heart is very proud.

　　 But Lucia sighed and said in a sympathetic tone, "What a pity, how young she is!" After speaking, she glanced meaningfully at Donald beside her. Donald quickly came back to his senses and said cooperatively, "Oh, isn't it..."

 　　The new crown epidemic broke out for more than two years and affected billions of people around the world. The vaccine that people had high hopes for failed to completely control the epidemic. Therefore, people shifted their expectations to specific drugs. If specific drugs are available, even if they are sick, He will recover soon, and we won't have to talk about the disease's discoloration. So, how long will it take for the cure to come?

How to do antiviral drugs

　　We already know that virus invasion of cells is roughly divided into three stages: entering cells, dividing and replicating, and finding a home. If we can interfere with any of these steps, we will achieve the purpose of anti-virus. Pharmaceutical experts are in the same vein.

　　HIV has the "key" to open the door of human immune T cells. When it encounters T cells, it will quickly open a small opening in its cell membrane that only genetic material RNA can enter. Then HIV will abandon its own protein coat, leaving only RNA "alone", and start to divide and replicate arbitrarily in T cells. The anti-HIV drug enfuvirtide prevents this outrageous act of "staying empty-handed," which binds to the virus's protein coat and tightly wraps the viral RNA when it wants to break free. That way, viral RNA can't get inside the cell.

　　We say that the virus comes empty-handed when it invades human cells, which means that it can only use substances provided by the human body when it wants to divide and replicate, including the raw material nucleosides for synthesizing DNA or RNA. Therefore, we can provide some pseudonucleosides to the virus. When the virus uses these pseudonucleosides to synthesize genetic material, its subsequent physiological processes, such as replication, translation and assembly, cannot proceed normally, and the virus will gradually disappear. These "pseudonucleosides" are called nucleoside analogs, including remdesivir, lamivudine, etc., and they all have a certain effect on viruses that use similar nucleoside raw materials.

　　Because the virus camps for parasitic life (camps for parasitic life: living in or on the body of other living organisms, relying on the host to provide them with nutrients), once there is no host, it will die soon, so preventing the virus from finding a home is also an issue. Very common strategy. When the flu virus has drained the cell's nutrients and needs to leave the cell, it uses a "key" called neuraminidase to open the cell's door so that the offspring virus can escape from the cell and continue looking for the next victim. The antiviral drug oseltamivir works against neuraminidase, which cuts it off and traps the virus in a cell.

How to do the new crown special medicine

　　Maybe you want to say, since there are so many methods and so many antiviral drugs, why can't one be used to fight the new crown virus?

　　This is because viruses are different from other pathogens - bacteria or fungi. Their genetic material is variable, they do not have a common structure or protein, and they are constantly changing even during transmission. One drug cannot fight multiple viruses. There is no way to scale up efficacy by modifying the drug, only one-to-one studies can be done.

　　The cell door lock that matches the "key" of the new coronavirus is called ACE2. The virus enters the cell by unlocking it. Existing antiviral drugs cannot stop this process. Therefore, if we want to start pharmaceuticals from the direction of blocking the virus from entering the cell, we need to re-engineer it. Find available compounds. Unexpectedly, this potential specific drug falls on the blood pressure drug angiotensin I. As a receptor for ACE2, it can replace the new coronavirus and bind to cells, so that the virus cannot open the door and enter the cell. May reduce cell casualties. However, it is still unclear whether this drug can really treat new coronary pneumonia, and what side effects will it produce. It can be said that there is still a long way to go to make drugs that can prevent the new coronavirus from entering cells.

　　In contrast, the effect of nucleoside analogs on the new coronavirus is more obvious. In early 2020, in a large-scale three-month trial, clinicians demonstrated that remdesivir could speed up the recovery of new crown patients. However, the effect of remdesivir is also very limited, and in other clinical trials, the use of remdesivir did not work. The National Institutes of Health's antiviral drug research and development team is developing another antiviral drug that uses the same strategy. This is an easy-to-synthesize oral drug that has been shown to speed up the clearance of the new coronavirus and has a certain degree of safety. Sex, has now entered clinical trials.

　　In addition to nucleoside analogs, drug companies are trying another way to inhibit viral replication and division. US pharmaceutical company Pfizer is testing a drug called PF-07304814, a molecule that inhibits a protein critical for coronavirus replication, the major protease (Mpro), whose inactivation prevents the virus from assembling into its entirety body. Pfizer started the research and development of related drugs when the SARS virus appeared in 2003, so drug trials have progressed rapidly and have entered the clinical trial stage. Swiss drug company Novartis is also working on a pan-coronavirus inhibitor for Mpro, but it is just getting started.

　　A multinational cooperative team in Singapore and South Korea has proposed a new broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: enveloped viruses not only have a protein coat, but also a lipid membrane wrapped around the capsid, which can be killed by disrupting the lipid membrane. Virus. There are many types of enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, filoviruses, retroviruses, etc. Therefore, the development of such drugs can be effective against many viruses at the same time. They have developed a small peptide drug that punches holes in the lipid inclusions surrounding enveloped viruses, and may be the dark horse of antiviral drugs.

What are the difficulties in the development process

　　It seems that the research and development of the new crown special medicine is progressing smoothly, and it seems that we will soon be able to use the special medicine, but this is not the case.

　　Antiviral drugs are different from vaccines, which are essentially non-pathogenic viruses that we already know a little about in the body, and antiviral drugs, which are newly discovered or synthetic substances , it interacts with the many molecules in the human body, we do not fully understand. Therefore, we need to conduct multiple rounds of drug experiments, including both in vitro cell experiments and animal experiments, as well as in vivo clinical experiments.

　　The effects of drugs in vitro and in vivo are not exactly the same. It is possible that drugs that are harmless in vitro may have toxic and side effects when they enter the human body; it is also possible that drugs that are effective in vitro may not achieve the desired therapeutic effect after entering the human body. This is because there are fewer drug target molecules involved in in vitro experiments, which makes it easier to evaluate drug efficacy. However, there are thousands of molecules in the human body, and many molecules have similar structures. After the drug enters the human body, in addition to binding to the target molecule In addition to producing medicinal effects, it may also interact with other molecules with similar structures.

　　In the human body, changes in the structure and function of drug molecules may occur, which may lead to drug failure, excessive efficacy, and unexpected side effects. For example, angiotensin I, which is used to lower blood pressure, will be rapidly converted into angiotensin II in the body, which will cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure. Moxifloxacin, which is used to treat infection, will also act on potassium ion channels. Cause arrhythmia, etc. These consequences are not known by in vitro experiments.

　　In order to ensure drug safety, new drugs need to go through 4 phases of clinical trials, gradually increase the number of patients participating in the trials, further determine the safety of the drug, and evaluate the effectiveness of the drug at the same time. Recruiting a large number of patients is itself a very time-consuming task, and the ethical difficulties of human clinical trials further increase the difficulty and length of the experiment. This set of experimental procedures usually takes 5 to 10 years.

　　When all these tests are passed and the special drug is finally on the market, there may be bad news: the virus has mutated. Viruses are known to be very good at mutating, and drugs that mutate are likely to fail. Influenza viruses, for example, can spread among many animals, increasing the speed and extent of virus mutation. Before the mutation, oseltamivir had a good effect on influenza virus, but in recent years, the neuraminidase of influenza virus that caused epidemics such as bird flu and swine flu has undergone huge changes, and the effect of oseltamivir is not as good as before. .

　　If the new coronavirus mutates fundamentally like the flu virus, the above process will be repeated, and the anti-new coronavirus drugs will be farther away from us. Therefore, no one can say now when the new crown special medicine will be available, and scientists can only do their best.

Multiple Ways to Eliminate Viruses

　　To fight a wide variety of viruses, antiviral drugs can target highly conserved features of the virus itself, or they can interfere with the biological processes in the host that the virus uses to infect cells and spread. Here are some strategies that researchers are working on.

 　　The most important transition early in the workplace is from waiting for recognition to gaining support.

　　As a leader, in fact, I dare not.

　　Beginning as a project manager, I have become one of many excellent middle-level members of McKinsey.

　　Around the same time, I started to focus on gender issues. At that time, there were many excellent women at the managerial level, but at the top, there were significantly fewer women. There were structural restrictions on women in the workplace. But I don’t know if female friends have asked themselves, if there are no external constraints, do we dare and want to be big leaders?

　　At the time, I honestly didn't want to.

　　At the time, I was an excellent project manager, experienced the first two stages of growth, worked beautifully, and was confident. On the one hand, I am very "high" and disdain to think about promotion; on the other hand, I am not used to some things in the company and do not want to "mix" with the affairs of the senior management.

　　I think that many friends who are down-to-earth work may have this kind of ambivalence after entering the workplace for a few years.

　　Because "high and lofty" is often a compliment in our culture, and going up seems to be vain and greedy for power.

　　There was a white American male leader in the company that I really disliked - rhetoric, not doing real things, and often taking credit for the team's work. But he is the leader, and I can't escape for a while. I think, if the upper management is like this, then I might as well quit! I still have an inexplicable sense of nobility when I think that I left my job because I insisted on principles.

　　Depressed, I called Connie, my former project manager. She is a small, frail-looking but particularly insightful Singaporean lady. When I wanted to do a project in China earlier, although she only joined the company a year before me and did not have many high-level acquaintances, she spared no effort to help me contact the leaders she knew, and finally helped me make the trip, so I am very grateful.

　　This time I told her that the leadership I saw was disappointing, so I didn't want to do the job. She listened to my complaints and asked me: Yinuo, compared with your leader, do you think what you believe and insist on is correct? I said: of course it is. She said: Then I tell you, the only way to make what you insist on become a reality is to be the leader yourself. If you leave, what's the point of your persistence? No changes will be made to these issues. If you go to another company, you will encounter the same problem.

　　These words sounded like a blow to me. I began to have a subtle change in my heart, and this change gradually accumulated, and I began to let go of my "high-mindedness" and work hard to be promoted to associate director and partner.

　　Waiting for the Crown and Shame

　　By 2010, after more than four years of employment, I successfully became an Associate Director. But when I made up my mind to become a managing partner, I hit another hurdle in my career.

　　In the McKinsey environment at the time, becoming a partner was a big deal, not the same as being promoted to an associate director. In my opinion at the time, if you want to become a partner, one of the things you have to do is to "run the relationship" and find someone to be your supporter. At that time, I despised this kind of behavior: I didn't do business when I had a good time, "buying an official vend" for myself, the posture was too ugly.

　　I reflect on myself and have 3 knots in my heart.

　　1. Wait for the crown. Subconsciously, it is what we have been taught that "gold will always shine" - if my ability is strong and my business is good, someone "above" will naturally see my ability, and I will be "appointed" as a partner. It's like a princess waiting for someone to put a crown on her.

　　2. Shame. Ask yourself for a promotion? That is shameful! We are taught the philosophy of life that it is shameful to be a leader for personal advancement and fame.

　　3. "Not doing the right thing". There is a deep-rooted concept in my mind that spending time running the business is business, and spending time "running relationships" for promotion is a waste of time and not doing business.

　　Several conversations with leaders I respected at that time made me open up these three knots.

　　1. Abandon the "crown thinking." Being seen "above" is an abstract concept and impractical. The reality is that everyone is busy, especially senior leaders, and may not necessarily see you. So when we do something, we must take the initiative to speak out, say something, and be neither humble nor arrogant. This is also the responsibility of work.

　　2. Let go of shame. Promotion is for greater influence, not for personal fame and fortune, individuals are just a tool to get things done. If things are right and can be done well, it doesn't matter whether you look good or not. The truth is, no one cares that much about your posture but yourself.

　　3. Gaining support is also doing things. There are complex organizations in all workplace environments, and the flow of information in complex organizations is often not efficient and smooth. Therefore, in addition to doing specific business, seeking more understanding and support from leaders and colleagues is not an extra action, but a part of doing things.

　　Once these knots were opened, I dared to honestly say to myself: I want to be a leader.

　　In McKinsey's partner selection process, a senior partner who has no interaction with me will interview the leaders, colleagues and subordinates who have worked with me over the years.

　　So I started to meet relevant colleagues and leaders, let them know about my work results and career goals generously, and get them to support me in realizing my career vision. In this way, when the partners are selected, they can give a comprehensive opinion.

　　After this process, I was selected as a partner as scheduled, which was at the end of 2011, only 6 years after I joined McKinsey. At that time, I was still carrying "one and a half" children (the second child was in the womb), which was a typical example of inspiration.

　　After crossing that hurdle, and looking back, I found that many women did not rise further in the workplace, and actually lost to not "thinking". Of course, our ability and performance must also grow, but what pulls us back is often not lack of ability, but the three mentalities mentioned above-waiting for the crown, shame and narrow definition of business.

　　True growth comes from seeing and facing the dilemma within yourself. Conversations with ourselves can lead us to discover that a lot of what we believe subconsciously is not necessarily true. And these subconscious rules, we are often unaware, so we never challenge them, thinking that they are justified.

　　In fact, nothing is natural. Many "natural" restrictions come from our hearts. When we realize this, the road in the workplace will become wider and wider.

 　　Once, I was also the "imaginary enemy in the workplace" in the eyes of others.

　　Here's the thing: I was pulled into the program as a contributing writer on a major event newsletter, and as soon as I got in, a contributor (let's call it A) spoke to me in a weird way. Later I learned that because I had been praised by the leaders for a good draft before, and the previous draft of A was repeatedly uncorrected, she was afraid that after I officially participated in the project, the leader would be even more dissatisfied with her, so she turned on the cynicism mode to me.

　　In the workplace, there are many people like A who often feel "I'm being targeted". Of course, it is not ruled out that sometimes it is true, but more often it may be that you have fallen into some thinking traps.

　　The first kind of thinking trap is called "excessive brain supplementation", commonly known as "playing the upper body".

　　People who fall into this kind of thinking usually lack integrity when looking at work, and only focus on the one acre of land in front of them; at the same time, they also lack the ability to analyze problems rationally. Therefore, it is very easy to be blindfolded and misinterpret normal work arrangements as "for me".

　　This excessive brain supplement is also related to my country's long-standing "high-context culture". In a high-context culture, what the speaker really wants to express is often more than what he says, which requires the recipient of the information to understand more of the meaning behind the words. We have been taught since childhood to learn to "speak only three points" and learn to observe words and expressions. When we enter the workplace as adults, there are many subtle moments of "give a look to see for yourself". In this complex workplace culture with many fuzzy areas Many people are accustomed to thinking twice about everything, which makes it easier to overthink things.

　　The second kind of thinking trap is maliciously saving others with oneself.

　　Some people are fans of "Gongdou" themselves, so everyone thinks they have "ulterior motives". They do not advocate win-win cooperation, but advocate the law of the jungle, and believe that the workplace is a colosseum of life and death. Therefore, their eyes are, first of all, not staring at their own work, thinking about how to create value, but staring at others, always ready to secretly mess with people, and always wondering "that who is trying to harm me".

　　People who have this kind of thinking are like suffering from persecution paranoia, treating everyone around them as imaginary enemies. They cannot trust others, nor can they establish real cooperative relationships with others, and even if they achieve some results, it is difficult to gain a solid sense of accomplishment and long-term happiness.

　　The last kind of thinking trap can be called "glass heart".

　　People who fall into this mindset often confuse "criticizing things" with "evaluating people." For example, when a boss who is demanding about work results says to him, "I am not satisfied with the plan you made this time, there are problems here and there", he will automatically translate it as "I am not satisfied with you, you have problems", It feels like you're being targeted. In fact, the boss is so busy, there is no time to target the subordinates. In the fast-paced modern society, it is not uncommon for the boss to have no energy to take into account everyone's emotions.

　　To sum up, people in the workplace who have the above-mentioned misunderstandings, who have been immersed in thinking for a long time, will not only damage their physical and mental health, but also make others want to stay away from them, lose social benefits, and will be deceived and hinder the real life. progress and professional development.

　　Those who are really smart are thinking about how to make the team work together and create greater value together, instead of thinking about a colleague and engaging in unnecessary infighting and internal friction all day long. The company is an organization for the purpose of profitable development. Only powerful people and people who can create value will be truly respected.

 　　Recently, a series of actions by Douyin have provided a better platform for the rise of KOE (Key Opinion Employee).

From the public domain to the private domain, Douyin intends to enhance the stickiness of fans

　　The basic algorithm of Douyin is based on public domain traffic. The public domain traffic is like individual customers in the square, and the Douyin algorithm will push these individual customers to those accounts or live broadcast rooms that are more efficient in e-commerce. This method has extremely high requirements for anchors to keep people, but at the same time, it also leads to the low value of Douyin fans. A large size with 10 million fans, if the fans are not vertical enough, its sales conversion rate may not catch up with a mid-waist account with 20,000 to 300,000 fans.

　　As Douyin e-commerce matures, its requirements for GMV (gross merchandise transactions) are also higher. As a result, Douyin needs more accounts with sticky fans and strong consumer appeal, which requires Douyin to complete a transition from public domain traffic to private domain traffic, and achieve a transition between public domain traffic and private domain traffic. A healthy balance.

　　Recently, Douyin launched the iron fan growth (internal test) function, and one of our accounts received an invitation to the internal test. The recent broadcast volume and fan growth data of this account are very good. Among the more than 380,000 fans currently owned, 190,000 are iron fans, and nearly 50% of the iron fans account for a very high proportion. The so-called iron fans refer to those fans who interact frequently and actively with the account. In the total number of fans, the higher the proportion of iron fans, the higher the natural traffic given to the account by the platform, and the better the realization.

　　Behind the internal testing of the iron powder system, the algorithm of Douyin has quietly changed. It turned out that an account released a new short video work, and the platform first pushed the video to individual visitors in the public domain to watch, and the interactive feedback was good, and continued to increase the recommendation. Under this mechanism, the traffic status of an account is not directly related to the number of fans. The current iron fan mechanism is to give priority to fans, and the feedback from fans is good, and then push it to a larger public domain traffic pool.

　　Behind this major change in the algorithm mechanism is the strategic challenge of Douyin's eagerness to do a good job in private domain traffic. Many millions of accounts, fans are not very sticky to KOLs (key opinion leaders), and the proportion of iron fans is seriously small. And many trumpets even have 10,000 fans, as long as the fans are strong enough, it is possible to get better traffic support than many larges.

　　This is definitely good news for KOE. KOEs are employees with certain professional knowledge within the company. They are definitely not as good as those well-known big V in terms of titles and endorsements, so the number of fans of their accounts is generally not too high. Previously, in the face of KOLs occupying a strong position, weak KOEs generally had no advantage, but with the iron powder system, the situation may be greatly improved. Because the current traffic password is not based on the absolute number of fans, but on the proportion of iron fans.

　　For KOE, which is backed by the company's brand (including commodities and supply chain), it exclusively recommends its own products, and through proper private domain operations, it has a considerable advantage in building iron powder.

Additional actions to enhance brand repurchase opportunities

　　In addition to the internal test iron powder system, Douyin has also launched a series of actions to strengthen private domain orientation for merchant brands.

　　Added e-commerce membership function. E-commerce members are similar to membership cards issued by merchants. Users can earn membership points, receive coupons, and enjoy other benefits provided by merchants. This feature can be found and experienced in "Wallet - More Features - E-commerce Membership". Under Douyin's previous public domain orientation, the account with the larger the number of fans, the higher the proportion of passerby fans. So as a fan, you don't get special treatment, and it's not much different from a FIT. This kind of passerby is unlikely to continue to buy products, and the possibility of iron fans becoming a member is greatly increased. At the same time, if you can attract passers-by fans to become members, even through welfare distribution, there is a chance to promote them to become iron fans.

　　Added repurchase coupons and "My Frequently Purchased Goods" functions. This is to increase the order repurchase rate. Repurchase coupons are the rights and interests launched for store users who have already purchased. Repurchase can get discounts, so as to increase the repurchase rate of users. When fans become members, these two functions play a big role. After the interests of fans are included in the algorithm, they will be recorded as consumption preferences. By pushing new products that meet their consumption preferences, coupled with repurchase coupons with discounts, they can promote the continuation and normalization of consumption.

　　Increase shopping entrance on the home page. This function is equivalent to the merchant version of the circle of friends, and the target is Taobao's subscription function. Merchants can increase the conversion rate of fans through the continuous exposure of new products, and solidify the interests of fans through the subscription function, rather than triggering them accidentally. This is also the transition from passive interest stimulation to active interest push, which is an important cornerstone for the continuation and normalization of sales.

　　In addition to the main APP, the newly launched "Douyin Laike" APP. This is a business platform specially launched by Douyin to serve local life merchants, which will further help merchants grow their business on Douyin, and help their online and offline business grow. This is a move to close the loop between online and offline businesses. Food, drink and entertainment related to local life, such as catering, air ticket reservation, hotel reservation, performance ticketing, communication, recharge, life service, life payment, travel service, car service and other related brands and businesses can all be obtained in this closed loop. increase.

　　These measures are Douyin's new measures to attract various merchants to settle in and jointly expand Douyin e-commerce. Douyin previously called itself an interest e-commerce business, but from the operational logic of business, interest is the entrance to e-commerce, which is an accidental purchase behavior. Only by normalizing and continuing users' purchases can it be possible to push the GMV of the entire e-commerce business to a higher level.

From interest to trust, KOE is none other than KOE

　　The evolution from interest e-commerce to trust e-commerce is behind the privatization of traffic, and it can be said that ordinary fans need to complete the "iron powderization". Iron powder means a high degree of trust and loyalty, and this process and result, the above-mentioned functional tools are not enough, but need to be implemented through KOE.

　　The brand itself has no temperature, and the temperature needs to rely on the continuous interaction and in-depth interaction between employees and customers on various touch points to achieve. At the touch point of short video live broadcast, KOE must be the first person responsible for the privatization and conversion of traffic.

　　At this point, there is a big difference between KOE and KOL. For example, Wang Fang, the head of the parent-child book track, does not need to introduce the content of the book at all. As long as she shouts in the live broadcast room, she can complete thousands of transactions in an instant. Some of the books, she herself simply recommends to fans without time to peruse. The sales volume of this live broadcast method is considerable, but the sequelae should not be underestimated. Although there is a selection team responsible for book quality control, in fact, the focus of the control is often the book price or commission, rather than the intrinsic quality of the book. And KOE is often an employee of a book publishing organization, and has the most detailed information about the books it produces, and thus has the greatest right to speak. For example, the two accounts of Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House and Machinery Industry Publishing House, their quality cognition and emotional investment in books are completely different from that of an external anchor. Their pride and self-confidence are beyond words when they promote the good books published by this agency.

　　Although the inherent conditions of e-commerce make it impossible for fans to fully identify the pros and cons of products, they can clearly distinguish between genuine recommendations and profit-seeking sales.

　　The reason why we use books as an example is because books are one of the most difficult products to sell, and there is a complex cognitive gap. Their selling point requires the anchor to convert the content of the book into Douyin. For general products in daily life, the public's cognition is not so difficult. If an anchor can talk about book products well, it is generally not a problem to talk about other products.

　　Fans' trust in KOE comes from reliability and enthusiasm. Reliability means that the product quality is excellent, the price is reasonable, and the promise is true. This is the premise of building basic trust, and enthusiasm is a necessary condition for building deep trust.

　　It can be said that all the measures provided by Douyin above are just tools without temperature. To truly realize the privatization of traffic, we need KOE's enthusiasm, enthusiasm for products, and enthusiasm for fans. Enthusiasm comes from love. A KOE can only express true love if he recognizes the company and the product from the heart. The screen is cold, and only the enthusiasm inspired by love can penetrate the screen to infect fans, prompt fans to become iron fans, and then achieve continuous sales under continuous infection. As for how to make KOE full of enthusiasm, it is another topic of enterprise management.

 In the medical, travel, government and other fields landing

"Face brushing" on airplanes, self-driving cars actively recognize and avoid pedestrians, and help doctors diagnose diseases. Typical application cases of ARTIFICIAL intelligence enterprises published by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) have attracted attention. Driven by new technologies such as mobile Internet and big data, ARTIFICIAL intelligence has ushered in a new round of development boom and really entered the stage of implementation, accelerating the change of people's production and life.

Vivid scenes, at your fingertips

"It's so convenient to brush your face through the gate." Wen Sijing, who was born after 1995 and works for an Internet company in Shenzhen, praised his flight experience at Shenzhen Bao 'an International Airport. Because of his busy work, he often flies for business. He said that since the introduction of smart security checks at airports, people do not have to wait in long lines to get through security.

The smart security check mentioned by Wen sijing comes from the airport's "Yi Security Check" platform, which was launched at the end of 2019. Passengers with second-generation id cards can enter smart security checkpoints through their ID cards and face recognition after making reservations through the wechat mini program.

In addition to smart security checks, the airport also has many "smart applications" : through the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithm, the allocation of seats on more than 1,000 flights a day has been reduced from four hours to just one minute; Through the construction of an intelligent operation center, the normal clearance rate of flights exceeded 87%... A person in charge of huawei, the project builder of the smart airport, said that shenzhen Airport has built nearly 100 smart projects through the integration of Internet of Things, big data, video cloud, geographic information system and other resources through the digital platform, building a digital platform ecosystem.

Vivid scenes of artificial intelligence applications are now within reach. Typical application cases of AI enterprises published by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) are included in the list, ranging from travel at home to government affairs. Ai technology is turning many dreams of intelligent new life into reality.

For example, in terms of intelligent question-answering, the intelligent question-answering robot developed by Nanjing Yunwen Company has helped reduce the amount of consultation by more than 85%. Spitz's "digital Gridsmen" can collect information from 10,000 residents in two hours. In terms of algorithm, Zhongguancun Scikin Company has realized the online handling of the whole process, such as the guidance, filling, pre-examination and payment of government services for enterprises and individuals. Iflytek's natural understanding language technology can accurately identify people through voice and prevent telecom fraud; The Internet identity authentication service of Beijing Satistytone company currently covers finance, public security, social security, government affairs and other fields...

Behind China's ai boom is rapid technological progress. In the past 10 years, China accounted for 74.7 percent of the world's applications for artificial intelligence (AI) patents, ranking first globally, according to the AI Technology Development Report 2020 released by Tsinghua University. With the support of natural language processing, machine learning algorithms, chip technology and other technologies, more than a dozen Chinese AI sub-industries have risen to the forefront of the world.

Crack pain points and improve efficiency

January 13, the hebei xingtai nangong street office of community health service center of phoenix, a CT from online to wuhan university zhongnan hospital, the hospital medical imaging of hiboo and team watching the video, the basic rule out the possibility of the inspection object COVID infection - 19, and sent back to hebei, rapid diagnosis report, the whole process is less than half an hour.

To achieve long-distance rapid detection, rely on Tencent miying system equipped with vehicle-mounted mobile cabin CT machine. The system utilizes artificial intelligence technologies such as computer vision and natural language processing to automatically transmit images and diagnostic reports across regions through 5G+ artificial intelligence diagnostic tools, improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

"Ai-assisted screening technology can effectively alleviate the imbalance of medical resources in some places." According to Qian Tianyi, director of Tencent's medical technology Committee, Tencent's miying system has been verified in more than 30 hospitals across The country, and has been piloted in primary medical systems in Guangdong, Guangxi and Shandong provinces to be applied in the auxiliary screening of early lung cancer, pneumonia and other diseases, which is expected to make low-cost screening widely available in communities and grassroots.

In addition to medical treatment, AI is also accelerating the transformation of some traditional production and office modes. , for example, in a perfect world holding group, the company independent research and development of internal office management system, through the integration of the internal data and engine introduced algorithm, realization of check on work attendance, payment, reimbursement, budget, contract, supply chain, assets and other business and process automation management, both meet the demand of the telecommuting during epidemic prevention, also improve enterprise efficiency greatly.

According to the White Paper on ai Core Technology Industry released by The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology in early April, AI has comprehensively covered the basic elements of social operation and improved overall operation efficiency. Experts say ai will be as ubiquitous as water and electricity in the future, disrupting and transforming industries such as healthcare, finance, transportation, manufacturing, services and sports.

Show your talents and you have a future

Data acquisition of athletes' basic vital signs indicators, artificial intelligence quickly provide statistical analysis results of data, command and dispatch system platform then complete the auxiliary decision of injury prediction, response level, resource scheduling...... The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field injury perception and rescue of the injured during the "Meet me in Beijing" ice sports test event of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games shows the possibility of ai playing a big role in future large-scale sports.

In ai technology and applications, China is catching up fast. The Development Plan for the Next Generation of ARTIFICIAL Intelligence released by The State Council in 2017 proposed a "three-step" strategic goal: First, by 2020, the overall technology and application of ARTIFICIAL intelligence should synchronize with the world's advanced level; Second, by 2025, major breakthroughs should be made in the basic theories of ARTIFICIAL intelligence, and some technologies and applications should reach world-leading levels. Step 3: By 2030, ai theory, technology and application should reach the world's leading level. Subsequently, the Ministry of Science and Technology promoted the construction of the national new-generation ARTIFICIAL intelligence innovation and development pilot zone in an orderly manner. By the end of March this year, 14 cities and one county in China had been approved to build pilot zones. The number of pilot zones is expected to reach about 20 by 2023.

It is reported that China's new generation of ARTIFICIAL intelligence industry will focus on building open source algorithm platform, and innovation in learning reasoning and decision, image graphics and other key areas. The construction of new infrastructure represented by 5G, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet has also been highlighted in the development goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan. China will account for 15.6 percent of the global AI market in 2024, becoming an important driver of global market growth, according to IDC.

"From a global perspective, China's AI development has a very good foundation, but there are also obvious shortcomings." Li Xiuquan, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, said China has certain advantages in research output, industrial development and policy environment, but there is still much room for improvement in leading strength in science and technology, talent pool and artificial intelligence open source ecology.

Industry experts suggest that China's AI technology development urgently needs to further optimize the layout. First, it is necessary to build and improve the discipline system combining basic ai theory and applied technology, second, it is important to lay out a group of enterprise-level AI research institutes, and third, it is necessary to create a regional AI technology integration innovation ecosystem.

 Man uses science to create an "eternal" material, uses it and then wants to throw it away. But for now that seems impossible, every piece of plastic ever created is still with us.

When we were kids, we were often warned "don't swallow gum because it sticks to your intestines." Of course, we later learned that swallowed gum leaves your body in your poop.

The base of many modern gums is made of synthetic rubber, and gum is also known to contain plastic. Plastic does not digest, eat "through the intestines", just pull out. But it's not as simple as that. While plastic bags or water bottles in the environment can break down to the point where they're no longer an eyesore, tiny pieces can still be ingested by animals and humans. In fact, microplastics have already been found in fish and mammals, and now, new research has found that microplastics are ubiquitous, as well as in the human placenta.

Microplastics found in human placenta for the first time

On October 23, 2018, researchers at the Medical University of Vienna announced that the presence of microplastics in human feces has been detected, making it an established fact that microplastics enter the human gastrointestinal tract. A survey of microplastics in the faeces of young people in Beijing also found that microplastics were prevalent in the subjects' faeces.

In August 2020, at the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society, an even more surprising discovery was made: microplastics were detected in human lung, liver, spleen and kidney tissue samples. The finding confirms that microplastics don't just linger in the digestive system, but also "infiltrate" into other tissues. What was not expected was that the infiltrated tissue also contained the human placenta.

In January 2021, a study published in Environment International provided "hard evidence" that plastic has "taken over" the human placenta. Researchers analyzed the six 18 and 40 normal healthy pregnant women of the placenta, four of six placenta there discovered the existence of the micro plastic, 12 were detected spherical or irregular small pieces of plastic, size between 5 ~ 10 microns (similar to red blood cell size), five particles located in placenta part connected to the fetus, Four particles are in the area connected to the mother's uterus and three are in the cell membrane surrounding the fetus. Of the 12 fragments, three were clearly identified as polypropylene (the material used to make plastic bottles and caps), while the remaining nine were identified as paint-like materials that could come from fragments of cosmetics, nail polish, toothpaste, creams, body creams, adhesives and more. The study was approved by an ethics committee and the placentas were collected using a method that ensured they did not come into contact with any plastic utensils or tools from the outside world.

These studies reveal that microplastics are not only found in the environment, but also in the human body. How do these microplastics get into the human body and how harmful are they to health?

Multiple routes into the body

Microplastics are small and mostly invisible, but that doesn't stop them from lurking around us. Simply put, as soon as we breathe and eat, microplastics find their way into our bodies.

In May 2019, WWF commissioned the University of Newcastle in Australia to estimate how much microplastics humans ingest from nature. After analyzing and synthesizing the existing literature on human plastic consumption, the researchers estimated that the average person ingested about 2,000 tiny plastic particles per week, equivalent to the weight of a credit card. These tiny particles can come from a variety of sources, including synthetic clothing fibers, beads in toothpaste or cleanser, or the breakdown of larger plastic sheets.

Of the 52 studies calculated by Newcastle University, 33 looked at plastic consumption in food and drink. The studies highlighted a range of common foods and drinks that contain microplastics, such as drinking water, beer, shellfish and salt. Water is the largest source of microplastics, with the average person consuming 1,769 pieces of plastic a week just by drinking from a bottle or tap. Shellfish are the second largest source of plastic intake, with the average person ingesting up to 182 particles (0.5g) per week.

The third way plastic enters the body is through inhalation. The study looked at 16 papers on outdoor and indoor air quality. The results show that plastic pollution in indoor air is more serious than that in outdoor air. This is because indoor air circulation is limited, and synthetic textiles and household dust are among the most important sources of microplastics in the air. This estimate is very conservative, but hints at the fact that exposure to microplastics in the air may depend largely on local conditions and lifestyle.

In addition to air inhalation and regular dietary intake, there are more unexpected ways in which human cognition is being eroded.

In 2019, Canadian chemical engineer Nathalie Tufenkji discovered the harsh truth about tea bags: tea bags = drinking plastic! They will choose and buy any of four brands of tea bags (two is nylon material, is PET material) soaked in hot water after 5 minutes, found that billions of plastic found in tea, there are 11.6 billion of the 3.1 billion micro plastic particles and nanometer micro plastic particles, also detects a small amount of heavy metal material such as arsenic, aluminum, lead and chromium.

An October 2020 study tested 10 polypropylene milk bottles, which account for two-thirds of the global milk bottle market, and found a strong correlation between temperature and microplastic release during formula brewing. Warmer liquids (formula or water used to sterilize baby bottles) cause more microplastics to be released. Each liter of liquid heated in polypropylene bottles releases between 1.3 million and 16 million microplastics and trillions of smaller nanoplastics, according to the data. Other polypropylene plastic products (kettles, lunch boxes) also release similar levels of microplastic particles.

The team also conducted a global survey and estimated the exposure of 12-month-old infants to microplastics in 48 regions. Under current guidelines for bottle disinfection and feeding formula preparation, infants are exposed to an average of more than 1 million microplastics per day. Oceania, North America and Europe had the highest levels of potential exposure, with 2.1 million, 2.28 million and 2.61 million microplastics per day, respectively.

These numbers may seem alarming, but scientists still say that due to methodological and data limitations, the amount of plastic consumed by humans may be underestimated.

How much harm

While human knowledge of the effects of microplastics on Marine and freshwater organisms and ecosystems is expanding, there is still a significant knowledge gap in the understanding of how exposure to microplastics may affect human health.

In a 1998 paper published in Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevention, researchers discovered cellulose and plastic fibers in human lungs. Lung cancer and non-neoplastic lung tissue samples were obtained from patients who had lung tumors resected. Using a laminar flow mask to block the contamination of foreign fibers and plastics, the scientists found that heterogeneous fibers were repeatedly observed in the fresh lung tissue. Examination of pathological sections of lung tissue with polarized light revealed that these inhaled heterogeneous fibers were cellulose and plastic fibers. The researchers hypothesized that the microplastics inhaled into the lungs may have originated in the air.

Plastics are inert. To increase their flexibility, hardness, and heat resistance, and to make plastics more colorful, many industrial and daily products made with plastics contain hormone-disrupting Chemicals, EDCs), which can have long-term effects on human health.

It is conservatively estimated that more than 1,000 EDCs are currently in use. Known endocrine disruptors that leach out of plastics and threaten health include bisphenol A (BPA), flame retardants, phthalates, uv stabilizers and toxic metals such as lead and cadmium. Edcs-containing plastics are widely used in construction, flooring, food packaging, cooking utensils, children's toys, leisure goods, furniture, household appliances, textiles, automobiles and cosmetics. A report published in 2020 by the International Endocrine Society revealed that many of the plastics we use every day at home and at work expose us to a harmful cocktail of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

EDCs "escape" from microplastics and become exposed to people. In the whole life cycle of plastic products, the contact between EDCs and human body is widespread. And tests on human samples consistently show EDCs in almost all of those tested. They can also bind and accumulate toxic chemicals in the environment around them, such as seawater and sediment, acting as carriers of toxic compounds.

In 2019, Peking University researchers studied estimates of the disease burden caused by exposure to phthalates in three diseases in the Chinese general population: male infertility, adult obesity and diabetes. In 2010 alone, there were about 2.5 million cases of male infertility, adult obesity and diabetes caused by exposure to phthalate chemicals in China, and the medical cost was about 57.2 billion yuan. Among them, phthalates have the most significant effect on male infertility, followed by adult obesity and diabetes.

As plastic production and use has increased, so has human exposure to plastic. Due to the complexity of microplastics, we still know very little about their journey through the environment and their effects on organisms and ecosystems, and further research is needed to determine the distribution patterns of microplastics in the environment and their effects on human health.