跳至主要内容

The Stanford University team invented a "super" battery, which has six times the power storage capacity of ordinary batteries. The mobile phone can last for a long time by only charging it once a week.

 　　Recently, the Stanford University team has developed a "high-energy storage" rechargeable battery that can last for a long time by charging mobile phones only once a week. The research results are expected to solve the pain points of smart phones that have to be charged almost every day. In terms of electric vehicles, electric vehicles can travel 6 times the daily distance without charging.

　　This kind of "high energy storage" rechargeable battery is essentially a new type of alkali metal chloride battery, and its principle is mainly through repeated reversible chemical reactions of sodium chloride or lithium chloride. The reason why the battery has long-lasting battery life is that its stored power is 6 times that of batteries currently on the market.

　　Up to now, the commercial lithium-ion battery capacity on the market is 200 mAh per gram, while the "super" battery developed by the team has a capacity of 1200 mAh per gram. Take a step forward.

　　Related papers were published on Nature with the title "Rechargeable Na/C12 and Li/C12 batteries". Zhu Guanzhou, a doctoral student in the interdisciplinary field of chemistry and biology at Stanford University, serves as the first author, and Professor Dai Hongjie serves as the corresponding author.


Related papers


　　Currently, there are many different types of rechargeable batteries on the market, including lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and aluminum ion batteries. Because primary lithium-thionyl chloride batteries have many advantages in energy storage, they are widely used in professional electronics, military, utility metering and GPS tracking, but their shortcomings are also obvious, that is, they have poor rechargeability.

　　However, no scientists have developed high-performance, rechargeable chlorine-sodium batteries or lithium-chlorine batteries. The main challenge is that the chemical properties of chlorine are too active and reactive, and it is difficult to generate high-efficiency chlorides. In a few cases, other rechargeable batteries have poor battery life.

　　"Intentionally planting flowers but not blooming, unintentionally inserting willows and willows to create shade", the team did not initially plan to develop a rechargeable sodium-lithium chloride battery, but hoped to improve the technical performance of the existing sulfur-based chloride battery. Sulfur-based chloride is one of the main components of lithium chloride batteries. As early as the 1970s, it became a popular disposable battery.

　　With the development of the times, batteries with low weight, small capacity, low energy density and small size are increasingly unable to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy storage in society.

　　The traditional battery is discharged by lithium anode oxidation and catholyte thionyl chloride reduction to sulfur (SOC12), sulfur dioxide and chloride ion (Cl-). Cl- reacts with Li+ stripped from the lithium negative electrode to form lithium chloride (LiCl) deposited on the carbon surface until passivation.

　　The team observed in early experiments involving chlorine and sodium chloride that the substitution between one chemical substance and another can be stabilized in some form, and these stabilized substances are rechargeable. Dai Hongjie said: "I think this is impossible. It took us more than a year to really study the chemical reaction inside."


The first discharge principle of Na/Cl2 battery


　　Nowadays, sodium batteries have been actively sought as a substitute for lithium batteries. The scientific community believes that low-standard sodium electrode potential and high energy density batteries have broad application prospects. The research results report the use of amorphous carbon nanospheres (aCNS) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) in SOCl2 as the cathode and anode starting electrolytes, which are the main components in sodium-chlorine batteries.

　　The battery can be cycled for more than 200 times at a discharge voltage of 3.5V and a capacity of up to 1200mAh, and the coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency are greater than 99% and 90%, respectively. When the battery is discharged for the first time, the capacity can reach 2800mAh, and the average discharge voltage is close to 3.2V. To the surprise of the team, the battery can be reversibly cycled at a specific capacity of 1200mAh, and the average coulombic efficiency is greater than 99% at a discharge voltage of about 3.55V.

　　The team constructed a battery using sodium metal as the negative electrode, and wrapped aCNS in a nickel foam with a Teflon binder as the positive electrode in the coin cell.

　　In the next few years, the team tried to use different materials to improve the reaction efficiency of the battery's positive electrode. The biggest progress was the formation of electrodes using porous carbon materials that were co-studied with Chung Cheng University in Taiwan. The nanosphere structure of the carbon material has many ultra-tiny pores, just like a sponge, it can generate a large number of other contact chlorine molecules, and store them, and can generate salt in the subsequent reaction process.

　　Nowadays, sodium batteries have been actively sought as a substitute for lithium batteries. The scientific community believes that low-standard sodium electrode potential and high energy density batteries have broad application prospects. The research results report the use of amorphous carbon nanospheres (aCNS) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) in SOCl2 as the cathode and anode starting electrolytes, which are the main components in sodium-chlorine batteries.


SEM image of sodium electrode after cycling in the battery


　　The battery can be cycled for more than 200 times at a discharge voltage of 3.5V and a capacity of up to 1200mAh, and the coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency are greater than 99% and 90%, respectively. When the battery is discharged for the first time, the capacity can reach 2800mAh, and the average discharge voltage is close to 3.2V. To the surprise of the team, the battery can be reversibly cycled at a specific capacity of 1200mAh, and the average coulombic efficiency is greater than 99% at a discharge voltage of about 3.55V.

　　The team constructed a battery that uses sodium metal as the negative electrode, and uses a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder in nickel (Ni) foam to package aCNS as the positive electrode in a coin cell.

　　In the next few years, the team tried to use different materials to improve the reaction efficiency of the battery's positive electrode. The biggest progress was the formation of electrodes using porous carbon materials that were co-studied with Chung Cheng University in Taiwan. The nanosphere structure of the carbon material has many ultra-tiny pores, just like a sponge, it can generate a large number of other contact chlorine molecules, and store them, and can generate salt in the subsequent reaction process.


评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Zeigarnik effect

　　As a freelancer, you have to fight procrastination every day. "I've made up my mind many times, but I just can't change it. Is it because I'm slow or slow?". In fact, many procrastinations are irrational. Many obstructions are imagined by myself. So distract, postpone, avoid confrontation. It's cool to procrastinate, and it's cool to procrastinate all the time, so I can't do it. Concentration is also related to physical strength. When the physical strength is exhausted, it is even more difficult to concentrate. You’ll tell yourself: I’m too tired to do this—okay, another perfect procrastination. 　　In 1927, Bruma Zeigarnik's senior research found that people are more likely to care about unfinished and interrupted work than completed work. This is the Zeigarnik effect. For example, we often don't care much about what we have got, but we will especially cherish what we have worked hard but haven't got. Therefore, the TV series will tell you...
发表评论
阅读全文

Moroccan football team: "The most familiar stranger"

 　　When I was still in college ten years ago, I led a sightseeing group of more than 30 Moroccan students. Before meeting them, my general impression of the Moroccans was that they are from North Africa but closer to the Arab world. They have religious beliefs, are used to worship, and are inextricably linked with France. 　　When I saw the real person, I realized that the North Africans in front of me were actually a group of children playing with each other and having fun in time. They were about the same age as me at the time. I have all kinds of nicknames and nicknames. During the process of taking them to Badaling, the Summer Palace and Houhai, two classmates and I, together with more than 30 Moroccan students, realized "cultural integration" and "world unity" in the small group to some extent. 　　During the World Cup in Qatar, I was surprised to find that the little-known Morocco team, which was eliminated in the group stage of the last World Cup, after miraculou...
发表评论
阅读全文

How Gates and Jobs compete

 　　Competition is the norm in the business world. Many people even use war as a metaphor for business competition. As master leaders, Apple founder Steve Jobs and Microsoft founder Bill Gates, how do they handle business? What about competition issues? Let's take a look at the four strategies summarized by the author in the book "Strategic Thinking". 　　The first strategy is the "puppy tactic". The term “puppy tactics” comes from Jean Tirole, the 2014 Nobel Prize winner in economics, and Zhu Fudenberg, a master of economics. It means to make yourself as harmless as possible, to keep competitors completely unaware of your intentions, and even to make the market unclear about your true intentions through camouflage and misleading. 　　Being undervalued by the market and competitors will give you an edge when entering a new field. 　　Jobs was a tough entrepreneur. However, he is also a master at employing puppy tactics. For example, Jobs adopted this strategy when he w...
发表评论
阅读全文